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Le Passé Composé
Un Guide Complête de l’Usage et de l’Application
Le Passé Composé – Au Present Avec les verbes Regulier qui prennent Avoir
Les Trois Parties!!!Le sujet! (Je, Tu,…etc)Le verb auxilliaireLe verb auxilliaire
(un form CONJUGÉ d’avoir)
Le participe passLe participe passééRegardez dans la texte Pp R30 pour la formulation des participes réguliers
Past participles with AVOIR do NOT need to agree with their subjects for number and gender** (exceptions apply)
ER Verbs IR Verbs RE Verbs
Remove ending Add -é Remove ending Add –i Remove ending Add -u
manger mangé choisir choisi repondre repondu
Le Passé Composé – Au Present Avec les verbes irreguliers qui prennent Avoir
Some verbs do not use the simple formula to create their past participle.
The list of these irregular verbs is found on Pg R32 of the text and should be memorized.
For Example: prendre pris, lire lu, mettre mis
Il a lu le livre pendant le weekend.
Le Passé Composé – Au Present Avec les verbes Regulier qui prennent Être
Some verbs use Être as their auxiliary verb in the past These verbs usually refer to motion to or from a place.
For example: Sortir, partir, mourir, monter, déscendre, etc
The Past Participle of verbs that use Être MUST agree with their subject in Number & GenderFor example:
(m/s) Il est sorti avec ses amis. – The p.p. sorti is created as per the graph on R30
(f/s) Elle est sortie avec ses amis.– The p.p. sorti(e) adds an E to agree w/ female subject
(m/pl) Ils sont sortis avec leurs amis.– The p.p. sorti(s) gets an S to agree w/ male, plural subject.
(f/pl) Elles sont sorties avec leurs amis.– The p.p. sorti(es) gets an ES to agree w/ female, plural subject.
Le Passé Composé
Le verbe auxilliare:In the passé composé, you have ONLY two choices of verbs: AVOIR or ÊTREThese be conjugated
J’ai mangé un sandwich.Nous sommes allés à la plage.
REMEMBER!!! A past participle is NO LONGER a verb.
In negative sentences the Ne…pas “hugs” the auxiliary verb NOT the past participle.
– Nous ne sommes pas allés à la plage.
Direct Objects that come before the Past Participle. (Verbs that take AVOIR)
In the Passe Compose, sometimes the direct object of the verb or its pronoun will precede the past participle.
When this happens with verbs that take AVOIR as an auxiliary verb, there must be agreement between the past participle and the direct object.
For example:– Il a ecrit une lettre.
(sub, aux verb, p.p., direct obj.)
– Il l’a ecrite. (sub, direct obj pronoun, p.p.) the (e) is added to ecrit for agreement with a singular feminine object pronoun “la.”
– La lettre qu’il a ecrite est longue.(Direct obj, relative prononun, subject, aux verb, p.p., predicate)the (e) is added to ecrit for agreement with a singular feminine direct object “la lettre.”
Le Passé Composé des Verbes Refleshis
In the past tense, reflexive verbs almost ALWAYS use ÊTRE as their auxiliary verb. Reflexive verbs reflect things that the subject of the sentence does to themselves. Reflexive verbs in their infinitive form are ALWAYS preceded by the reflexive pronoun SE (se laver, s’habiller)
In the past tense the verbs are changed to past participles per the chart on Pg R30/32
Because these verbs take ÊTRE the p.p. must agree with the subject in NUMBER & GENDER
For example:Martin s’est levé le matin a 8h30. (m/s)Helene s’est levée le matin a 8h30. (f/s)Ils se sont levés le matin a 8h30. (m/pl)Elles se sont levées le matin a 8h30. (f/pl)
When Reflexives DON’T Agree
Even though reflexive verbs ALWAYS take Etre as their aux. verb, they don’t ALWAYS have subject/past part. Agreement.
When a reflexive verb expresses something a subject does something FOR themselves, rather than TO themselvesTO themselves there is NO subject p.p. agreement.
For example. Elle s’est lavée la figure. (she washes her face)
Elle s’est achete une robe. ( she buys herself a dress)