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Carbohydrates
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
2
Important Disaccharides
• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
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Maltose
-1,4-glycosidic bond
- D-Maltose
OH
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
OH
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
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Lactose
-1,4-glycosidic bond
α-D-Lactose
HO
OH
OH
CH2OH
OO
OH
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
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Sucrose
O
CH2OH
OH
OH
CH2OH
oCH2OH
OHOH
OH
O
α, -1,2-
glycosidic bond
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Learning Check C4Identify the monosaccharides in each of the following:
A. lactose
(1) glucose (2) fructose (3) galactose
B. maltose
(1) glucose (2) fructose (3) galactose
C. sucrose
(1) glucose (2) fructose (3) galactose
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Solution C4
A. lactose
(1) glucose and (3) galactose
B. maltose
(1) glucose and (1) glucose
C. sucrose
(1) glucose and (2) fructose
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Polysaccharides
• Starch
Amylose
Amylopectin
• Glycogen
• Cellulose
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Polysaccharides
• Polymers of D-Glucose
OH
OH
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
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Amylose
Polymer with α-1,4 bonds
α-1,4 bonds
OOH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
O O
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
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Amylopectin
Polymer with α-1,4 and α-1,6 bonds branches
α-1,6 bond
α-1,4 bonds
OOH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
OH
OH
CH2
O
O O
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
OOH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
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Cellulose
Polymer with ß-1,4 bonds
ß-1,4 bonds
O
O
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
OH
OH
CH2OH
O
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Learning Check C5Identify the polysaccharide in each as:
1) starch 2) glycogen 3) cellulose
A. B. C.
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Solution C5
3) cellulose 1) starch 2) glycogen
