Comparison of Asme Specifications and European Standards for Testing of Steels for Pressure Equipment

ECISS

European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization comité européen de Normalisation du Fer et de l'Acier Europaisches Komitee fur Eisen- und Stahlnormung

Unité Afnor Normalisation Département Génie Industriel et Environnement

Engineer : Patrice CONNER International Direct line: (33) 1 41 62 84 44 [email protected] Assistance : Nansira CAMARA International Direct line : (33) 1 41 62 84 07 nansira [email protected]

Secrétariat ECISS/TC 2 Acier - Essais physico-chimiques et non-destructifs Steel – Physico-chemical and non-destructive testing

ECISS/TC 2 N 47

31 May 2007

Comparison of ASME specifications

and European standards for testing of steels for pressure equipment

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SOURCE Mr Bernard CRETON, Chairman of ECISS/TC 1 “Steel – Mechanical testing” and ISO/TC 164/SC 1“Mechanical testing of metals – Uniaxial testing”

DIFFUSION ECISS/TC 2 members

European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation du Fer et de l'Acier Europäisches Komitee für Eisen- und Stahlnormung

Saint-Denis, February 8, 2007

COMPARISON OF ASME SPECIFICATIONS AND EUROPEAN STANDARDS

FOR TESTING OF STEELS FOR PRESSURE EQUIPMENT

Bernard CRETON ECISS Chairman

Chairman of ECISS/TC 1 “Steel – Mechanical testing” Chairman of ISO/TC 164/SC 1“Mechanical testing of metals – Uniaxial testing”

Page 2 Background The EU and US met on 27th September 2004 to discuss various topics related to the placing on the market, use and trade of pressure equipment in the two economic areas. This meeting involved public administrations, industry, standardization and conformity assessment organizations and was a follow-up of a previous first meeting on this issue held in Washington on 3rd May 2004 between public administrations only. The main issues discussed at the 27th September 2004 meeting were: mutual acceptance of materials, reducing the burden of redundant material testing requirements, welding qualifications and procedures and approval of non-destructive testing personnel. The meeting produced an agreement to conduct a study on the differences in testing methods in the EU and US material testing requirements and to try to develop mutually acceptable EU and US standards for material testing, with CEN and ASTM participation. This work could be further pursued at ISO level. It was hoped that if this pilot project were successfully completed, it could lead to future agreements concerning the requirements on materials. The contact persons designated for the follow up of this pilot project were Bernard CRETON for EU and Guido KARCHER for US. In this project, they would consider any differences in the testing methods for the material testing requirements listed above and would try to reach solutions by focusing on results of testing methods and specifications from the European and US systems. It was then decided that in a first stage Bernard CRETON would write a short report on the state of art of material test standards, as well as on the correspondence of test requirements in product standards to results to be obtained from (future) ISO test standards, when he has received the ASME specifications for mechanical testing of steels for pressure equipment. Such a contribution on these ASME specifications was made available to the European Commission in March 2006 and was entitled “Comparison of ASME specifications and European Standards for mechanical testing of steels for pressure equipment” and dated 16 December 2005 (see attachment). US and European experts met in Seoul (Republic of Korea) on 26 September 2006 to discuss the first draft of this document and decided to supplement it in particular concerning calibration procedures and limits, the net effects of differences on the results of the test Scope The purposes of this report are: - to list the properties specified in European Standards and ASME specifications for steel products for pressure equipment in the form of hot-rolled flat and long products, forgings, castings and tubes, as listed in Annex A, and the corresponding tests ; - to list the European Standards and ASME specifications corresponding to mechanical testing; - to point out the technical differences between these testing specifications and to discuss the possible influence of these differences on the test results. This report does not cover in details the possible differences in the requirements for steel products in European Standards and ASME specifications for materials and/or design codes.

Page 3 List of properties specified for steel products for pressure purposes and corresponding tests By collecting the requirements for steel product for pressure purposes from European Standards and ASME specifications , the following list of specified properties and corresponding tests can be established: - chemical composition (individual element contents and carbon equivalent value, CEV) determined by a chemical analysis; - yield or proof strength (ReH, Rp0,2, Rt0,5, Rp1,0), tensile strength (Rm) and/or elongation (A) after rupture determined by tensile tests at both ambient and elevated temperature; - impact absorbed energy and lateral expansion (mils lateral expansion, MLE) or fracture appearance determined by impact tests; - nil-ductility temperature determined by drop weight testing; - hardness properties determined by Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell hardness testing; - creep properties generally based on available data; - technological properties by ring testing such as flattening test; - internal soundness determined by different non-destructive testing such as ultrasonic, flux leakage, eddy current, leakage (hydrostatic or electromagnetic) testing; - and a number of specific properties such as intergranular corrosion resistance, resistance to hydrogen induced cracking and sensitivity to embrittlement of CrMo steels determined by specific ad hoc tests. As far as the determination of chemical composition is concerned, the choice of the method to be applied is generally at the discretion of the manufacturer. Spectrometric methods are generally used in practice in most laboratories and the use of standardized analytical methods is only referred to in case of dispute. As a consequence, those methods are not covered in the rest of this report. The specific tests mentioned at the last three indents above have a restricted application, e.g. tubes for most of them. They are not also covered in the rest of this report. The rest of this report is therefore essentially oriented on mechanical testing (tensile testing at room and elevated temperature, impact testing, creep testing, hardness testing). In a number of cases, the requirements for steel products in the documents listed in Annex A do not refer to the same property. This issue is not addressed in the existing version of this report that is limited to a listing of the American and European Standards for test methods and an evaluation of the areas of difference.

Page 4 European and American Standards for mechanical testing The list of American and European Standards on test methods for mechanical testing is given in Table 1. Their full references are given in Annex B.

Table 1 – List of American and European Standards for mechanical testing

Type of testing American Standard European Standard

Tensile testing at room temperature

ASTM A370-05 ASTM E8-04

EN 10002 -1 1)

Tensile testing at elevated temperature

ASTM E21-05 EN 10002 -5 2)

Impact testing ASTM E23-06 EN 10045-1

Creep testing ASTM E139-06 EN 10291 3)

Brinell hardness testing ASTM E10-07 EN ISO 6506-1 and 4

Vickers hardness testing ASTM E92-82(2003)e2

ASTM E384-06

EN ISO 6507-1 and 4

Rockwell hardness testing ASTM E18-05e1 EN ISO 6508-1

Mechanical testing of tubes ASTM A370-05 EN ISO 8492, 8493, 8495 and 8496

Non destructive testing of tubes

ASTM E213-04, ASTM E273-01, ASTM E309-95(2006), ASTM

E570-97(2004)

EN 10246-1 to 3, 5 to 10, 14 to 17

Drop weight testing 4) ASTM E 208-06 EN 10274

Intergranular corrosion resistance

ASTM A262-02ae3 EN ISO 3651-2

1) Almost identical to ISO 6892:1998 “Metallic materials - Tensile testing at ambient temperature”.

2) Almost identical to ISO 783:1999 “Metallic materials - Tensile testing at elevated temperature”.

3) Almost identical to ISO 204:1997 “Metallic materials - Uninterrupted uniaxial creep testing in tension -- Method of test". 4) The standards mentioned for this type of test correspond to methods des ignated as Pellini test and DWT test. Whilst they may use a similar method, the two tests produce different results and arrive at them by totally different means that would not be directly comparable.

Page 5 Table 2 gives a list of American and European Standards related to the verification/calibration of testing machines used for mechanical testing.

Table 2 – List of American and European Standards related to the verification/calibration of testing machines used for mechanical testing

Type of testing Concerned equipment American Standard

European Standard

Tensile testing machine ASTM E04-07 1) EN ISO 7500-1 2) Tensile testing

Extensometer ASTM E83 -06 EN ISO 9513

Impact testing Impact testing machine ASTM E23 -06 EN 10045-2

Creep testing Creep testing machine ASTM E04 -07 EN ISO 7500-2

Brinell hardness testing Brinell hardness testing machine

ASTM E10 -07 EN ISO 6506-2 and 3

Vickers hardness testing

Vickers hardness testing machine

ASTM E9282(2003)e2

ASTM E384

EN ISO 6507-2 and 3

Rockwell hardness testing

Rockwell hardness testing machine

ASTM E18-05e1 EN ISO 6508-2 and 3

1) The calibration of the force measuring system is covered by ASTM E74-06.

2) The calibration of the force measuring system is covered by EN ISO 376.

Page 6 Table 3 gives an evaluation of the technical differences between these standards.

Table 3 – Technical differences between American and European Standards for mechanical testing

Type of testing Area of difference Details of the differences Net effect

Yield strength In ASME material specifications, the yield strength generally is determined by the 0.2% offset method.

The yield strength listed in the EN specifications is the upper yield strength, ReH.

There is no technical significance to the differences in tensile testing at room temperature. Whether one uses the 0,2% offset method to determine yield strength, or the 0,5% of total load method, or the 1% proof stress method, is totally arbitrary. The higher the percentage used, the higher will be the resulting yield strength or proof test numbers. Whether use of the higher percentage method is less conservative depends on how the results are used, not on the method.

Strain rate for the determination of yield strength

ASTM A370 specifies a strain rate in the reduced section not more than 0,001 in/in/s and not less than 0,1 times the maximum rate when the stress exceeds one half of the specified yield point or yield strength. As an alternative, the rate of stressing shall not exceed 100 ks i/min (11,5 MPa/s), or be less than 10 ksi/min (1,15 MPa/s).

For determination of the upper yield strength, ReH, EN 10002-1:2001 specifies a minimum stress rate of 6 MPa/s and a maximum stress rate of 60 MPa/s, which are somewhat higher than the ASTM permissible strain rates ; in addition the rate of separation of the crossheads of the machine shall be kept as constant as possible. If a proof strength is to be determined, the preceding requirements apply in the elastic range; in addition within the plastic range and up to the proof strength, the strain rate shall not exceed 0,002 5 s -1.

Tensile testing at room temperature

Strain rate for the determination of tensile strength

ASTM A370 specifies a strain rate in the reduced section shall not more than 0,008 in./in.s , and not less than 0.1 times the maximum strain rate.

EN 10002-1 specifies a maximum strain rate of 0.008/sec after the determination of the required yield/proof strength; this maximum strain rate is applicable throughout the test if only the tensile strength is measured.

Therefore the conditions can be considered as equivalent and there is no significant effect on the value of the of tensile strength.

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Table 3 – Technical differences between American and European Standards for mechanical testing (continued)


Tensile test pieces Both ASTM A 370 and EN 10002-1 permit the use of various types of tension test specimen, depending on product form, thickness, and sha pe. Commonly used test specimens in the American specifications are the 2 in. (50 mm) gage length round, 0,5 in (12,5 mm) diameter, test specimen.

Commonly used test specimens in the EN specifications are the

5,65 oS gage length (“proportional”) test specimen (where So =

original cross-sectional area).

However, the issue of differing tensile test specimen is not a factor in determining tensile properties as the stress at which a specimen begins to yield or at which it ruptures is a ratio of the actual cross -sectional area of the specimen at that moment to the applied load. It is a property of the material, not of the geometry of the specimen.

Gage length Gage lengths for elongation and tensile testing are different in the ASME and in the EN material specifications. Elongation is affected by the ratio of the length of the specimen to its cross -section, so the difference between the 4:1 ASTM tension specimen and the 5:1 ISO tension specimen might affect elongation values.

However, ASME doesn’t use elongation values in any of the Code requirements; therefore, this is not an issue that affects the use of the material. In addition EN requirements for material allow the use of other gage lengths and the conversion of the elongation values according to EN ISO 2566-1 and 2:1999 “Steel - Conversion of elongation values - Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels – Part 2: Austenitic steels ”.

Tensile testing at room temperature (continued)

Verification/calibration of testing machines

The ASTM Standards and the ISO standards require different calibration standards to be followed when calibrating the equipment used for performing the tests. While the results of the calibrations are minimally different, the procedures are quite different. In the US virtually everyone uses ASTM standards for calibration and in Europe virtually everyone uses EN/ISO standards for calibration.

If a laboratory is required to test to both standards, they currently have a requirement to have their equipment calibrated to both sets of systems and will involve significant costs.

Page 8 Table 3 – Technical differences between American and European Standards for mechanical testing (continued)


Tensile testing at elevated temperature

Only applied in ENs The EN specifications list the 0,2% proof strength values, Rp0.2, at temperatures above the room temperature, up to the temperature where time dependent properties govern. Verification of the 0,2% proof strength, 1,0% proof strength, and/or tensile strength at elevated temperature for austenitic steels is subject to agreement. The same type of test pieces is used as for room temperature testing.

The ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code does not require elevated temperature tension tests. However, ASME does require sufficient data for all new materials (materials that have not yet been approved for ASME Code construction) at 40 ºC (100 ºF) intervals above the room temperature up to 40 ºC (100 ºF) above the maximum use temperature to establish “trend curves”. These “trend curves” are used for establishing the tensile strength and yield strength values that are used to determine the allowable design stresses at elevated temperatures. This data shall be provided from at least three heats of material meeting all of the requirements of a specification for at least one product form for which adoption is required for ASME Code construction.

Although there is a difference between approaches used in the EN and ASME systems for insuring material properties at elevated temperatures, the net result is the same. EN 10314 describes how a material manufacturer establishes a curve of material properties at elevated temperatures, allowing him to verify compliance of each heat or lot of material to that curve by a single test, routinely conducted at room temperature. ASME Code Case 2556-1 describes how the ASME committee establishes a curve of material properties at elevated temperatures, allowing the material manufacturer to verify compliance of each heat or lot of material to the values established by the committee with a single test conducted at room temperature. In either system, actual properties at elevated temperature can be verified by agreement between the parties.

Impact testing Tup radius EN 10045-1 specifies a 2 mm radius at the tip of the striker (the tup), and ASTM E 23 specifies an 8 mm radius.

There is an effect from striker radius. It is well documented in the literature that the effect is material and energy value dependent. Not only does it effect energy but also the transition temperature. The effect on energy can be quite severe in the transition temperature range with the EN 2mm striker giving the higher/less-conservative results for energy and lower less-conservative results for transition temperature.

Once the ISO 148 Standard replaces the EN, there is no longer a standardization issue for the test method, because the ISO allows both the 2 and 8 mm strike geometries. But the issue will remain for products standards that are based respectively on the previous ENs and ASTM standards.



Lateral expansion Some ASME Construction Codes specify acceptance criteria for certain materials (e.g., high strength Q &T low alloy steels and stainless steels, depending on minimum design temperature) based on lateral expansion (mils lateral expansion, MLE) measured opposite the notch of the fractured Charpy V-notch specimen.

There are no provisions in EN 10045-1 for the measurement of lateral expansion or fracture appearance (percent of shear fracture).

Since the EN methodology depends only on absorbed energy requirements, the ASME requirements that depend on both absorbed energy and also on values of lateral expansion (for some materials) are somewhat more conservative.

The 15 MLE requirements were developed using an 8 mm striker. Results for ductile steel using a 2 mm striker are generally expected to be higher than results for an 8 mm striker, due to more penetration by the striker and bending of the specimen. Again differences are material dependent, with more difference expected for more ductile steels.

Verification of testing machines

ASTM E 23 and EN 10045-2 both require verification of pendulum impact test machines by testing of specimens with certified values to verify the accuracy of the machines.

ASTM E23 requires machine performance to be verified at energy levels of less than 15 J, to prove performance at these low energy levels important to ASME codes. In ASTM E 23, the verification results for a machine are allowed to diff by up to 1,4 J or 5 % from the certified energy of the verification specimen. In EN 10045-2 (and ISO 148-2) the machine being verified is allowed to diff by 4 J or 10 %.

There are significant differences in the results of impact tests, due to differences in the verification requirements of ASTM 23 and EN 10045-2 (or ISO 148-2).

For a required minimum of 20 J, a machine verified to ASTM 23 might produce a value as low as 19 J. A machine verified to EN 10045-2 might produce a value of as low as 16 J. The allowed range in values for a given 20 J material under the EN requirement is ± 4 J (40 %), compared with ± 1,4 J (14 %).

To accept the ISO methodology may require lower limits to be adjusted upwards significantly to account for the increased testing uncertainty.

Brinell hardness testing 1)

No significant difference The methods for Brinell hardness testing and hardness determination are essentially the same in EN ISO 6506-1 as in ASTM E 10. EN ISO 6506-4, gives Brinell hardness numbers for force-diameter ratios of 30, 15, 10, 5, 2,5, and 1, whereas ASTM E10 gives hardness numbers for 3000, 1500, and 500 kgf loads. The hardness numbers for the 3000, 1500, and 500 kgf loads correspond to those for diameter-force ratios of 30, 15, and 5 in EN ISO 6506-1.

There are no significant technical consequences resulting from the differences between the test methods in the EN and ASTM/ASME Brinell hardness testing methods.



Vickers hardness testing 1)

No significant difference Both ASTM E 92 and EN ISO 6507-1 include essentially the same formula and the same procedures hardness for determining Vickers hardness, except that the applied force is given in kgf in ASTM E 92, and in newtons (N) in EN ISO 6507-1; therefore, also the constants in these formulas differ by a factor 9,80665. However, EN ISO 6507-4 includes some additional tables. ASTME 92, paragraph 5.1.1 states that the minimum thickness of the test specimen shall be such that there is no bulge or other indication of the effect of the force on the backside of the test specimen. The graph in EN ISO 6507-1shows the minimum thickness of the test piece in relation to the test force and to the various hardness measurements (HV 0.2 to HV 100).

There are no significant technical consequences resulting from the differences between the test methods in the EN and ASTM/ASME Vickers hardness testing methods.

Rockwell hardness testing 1)

No significant difference The methods for Rockwell hardness tes ting and hardness determination are essentially the same in EN ISO 6508-1 as in ASTM E 18.

The test results will be the same, however, there are significant differences in the calibration requirements between the two standards. The E18 verification tolerances are much tighter than the ISO 6508 tolerances. The net effect is that the ISO results will have a larger uncertainty than the ASTM results.

Drop weight testing Only applied in ASME standards

ASME Code specifies acceptance criteria for certain materials (e.g., high strength Q &T low alloy) based on drop weight testing in accordance with ASTM E 208 to determine the nil -ductility temperature.

Not specified in ENs for materials as it is not required in the EN codes..

1) Hardness testing for products supplied to ASME material specifications is only performed when required by the product specification or when specified by the purchaser. In the case of products supplied to ENs, hardness testing is only required for bars according to EN 10272.

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Further steps to be considered EU and US experts in the field of mechanical testing should review this amended report. On another hand it was also decided that the net effects identified in this report need to be reviewed by pressure equipment construction experts to determine the impact of these differences on US/EU pressure equipment standards and regulations.

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Annex A – List of European Standards and ASME specifications for steel products for pressure purposes

A.1 List of European Standards for steels for pressure equipment: A.1.1 Flat products EN 10028-1:2000+A1:2002, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 1: General requirements EN 10028-2:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties EN 10028-3:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels, normalized EN 10028-4:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 4: Nickel alloy steels with specified low temperature properties EN 10028-5:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 5: Weldable fine grain steels, thermomechanically rolled EN 10028-6:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 6: Weldable fine grain steels, quenched and tempered EN 10028-7:2000, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 7: Stainless steels A.1.2 Bars EN 10272:2000, Stainless steel bars for pressure purposes

EN 10273:2000, Hot rolled weldable steel bars for pressure purposes with specified elevated temperature properties A.1.3 Castings EN 10213-1:1995, Technical delivery conditions for steel castings for pressure purposes - Part 1: General EN 10213-2:1995, Technical delivery conditions for steel castings for pressure purposes - Part 2: Steel grades for use at room temperature and elevated temperatures EN 10213-3:1995, Technical delivery conditions for steel castings for pressure purposes - Part 3: Steel grades for use at low temperatures EN 10213-4:1995, Technical delivery conditions for steel castings for pressure purposes - Part 4: Austenitic and austenitic-ferritic steel grades

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A.1.4 Seamless tubes EN 10216-1:2002+A1:2004, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties EN 10216-2:2002+A1:2004, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties EN 10216-3:2002+A1:2004, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions -- Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes EN 10216-4:2002+A1:2004, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties EN 10216-5:2004, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 5: Stainless steel tubes A.1.5 Welded tubes EN 10217-1:2002+A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties EN 10217-2:2002+A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 2: Electric welded non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties EN 10217-3:2002+A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes EN 10217-4:2002+A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Electric welded non-alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties EN 10217-5:2002+A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions – Part 5: Submerged arc welded non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties EN 10217-6:2002+A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions – Part 6: Submerged arc welded non-alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties EN 10217-7:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions – Part 7: Stainless steel tubes

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A.1.6 Forgings EN 10222-1:1998+A1:2002, Steel forgings for pressure purposes. Part 1: General requirements for open die forgings EN 10222-2:1999, Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 2: Ferritic and martensitic steels with specified elevated temperature properties EN 10222-3:1998, Steel forgings for pressure purposes. Part 3: Nickel steels with specified low temperature properties EN 10222-4:1998+A1:2001, Steel forgings for pressure purposes. Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof strength EN 10222-5:1999, Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 5: Martensitic, austenitic and austenitic -ferritic stainless steels A.2 List of ASME and ASTM specifications for steels for pressure equipment A.2.1 Miscellaneous ASME SA-20, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels. ASME SA-480, Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip. ASME SA-788, Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts. ASME SA-961, Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and parts for Piping Applications. A.2.2 Pipes (most common specifications) ASTM A53/A53M-06a, Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless ASTM A106/A106M-06a, Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service ASTM A134-96(2005), Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and Over) ASTM A312/A312M-06, Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

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ASTM A333/A333M-05, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service ASTM A335/A335M-06, Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service ASTM A790/A790M-05b, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A.2.3 Tubes (most common specifications) ASTM A178/A178M-02, Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes ASTM A192/A192M-02, Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-Pressure Service ASTM A209/A209M-03, Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes ASTM A210/A210M-02, Standard Specification for Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes ASTM A213/A213M-06ae1, Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes ASTM A249/A249M-04a, Standard Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes ASTM A334/A334M-04a, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for Low-Temperature Service

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Annex B – List of American and European Standards for mechanical testing of steel products

B.1 American Standards ASTM A 370-05, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM E4-07, Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines ASTM E8-04, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E10-07, Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E18-05e1, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E21-05, Standard Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials ASTM E23-06, Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E74-06, Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines ASTM E83-06, Standard Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems ASTM E92-82(2003)e2, Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E139-06, Standard Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials ASTM E208-06, Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels ASTM E213-04, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing

ASTM A262-02ae3, Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels

ASTM E273-01(2005), Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and Tubing ASTM E309-95(2006), Standard Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation

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ASTM E384-06, Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials ASTM E570-97(2004)e1, Standard Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Tubular Products B.2 European Standards EN 10002-1:2001, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature EN 10002-5:1991, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 5: Method of testing at elevated temperature EN 10045-1:1990, Metallic materials - Charpy impact test - Part 1: Test method EN 10045-2:1992, Metallic materials - Charpy impact test. Part 2: Verification of the testing machine (pendulum impact) EN 10246-1:1996, Non destructive testing of steel tubes – Part 1: Automatic electromagnetic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) EN 10246-2:2000, Non destructive testing of steel tubes – Part 2::Automatic eddy current testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) austenitic and austenitic-ferritic tubes for verification of hydraulic leak tightness EN 10246-3:1999, Non destructive testing of steel tubes – Part 3: Automatic eddy current testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for the detection of imperfections EN 10246-5:1999, Non destructive testing of steel tubes – Part 5: Automatic full peripheral magnetic transducer/flux leakage testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections EN 10246-6:1999, Non destructive testing of steel tubes – Part 6: Automatic full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless steel tubes for the detection of transverse imperfections EN 10246-7:1999, Non destructive testing of steel tubes – Part 7: Automatic full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections EN 10246-8:1999, Non destructive testing of steel tubes – Part 8: Automatic ultrasonic testing of the weld seam of electric welded steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections EN 10246-9:2000, Non destructive testing of steel tubes – Part 9: Automatic ultrasonic testing of the weld seam of submerged arc welded steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal and/or transverse imperfections

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EN 10246-10:2000, Non destructive testing of steel tubes – Part 10: radiographic testing of the weld seam of automatic fusion arc welded steel tubes for the detection of imperfections EN 10246-14:2000, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes - Part 14: Automatic ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for the detection of laminar imperfections EN 10246-15:2000, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes - Part 15: Automatic ultrasonic testing of strip/plate used in the manufacture of welded steel tubes for the detection of laminar imperfections EN 10246-16:2000, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes - Part 16: Automatic ultrasonic testing of the area adjacent to the weld seam of welded steel tubes for the detection of laminar imperfections EN 10246-17:2000, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes - Part 17: Ultrasonic testing of tube ends of seamless and welded steel tubes for the detection of laminar imperfections EN 10274:1999, Metallic materials - Drop weight tear test EN 10291:2000, Metallic materials - Metallic materials - Uniaxial creep testing in tension EN 10314:2002, Method for the derivation of minimum values of proof strength of steel at elevated temperatures EN ISO 3651-2:1998, Determination of resistance to intergranular corrosion of stainless steels - Part 2: Ferritic, austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels-Corrosion test in media containing sulfuric acid EN ISO 6506-1:2005, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method EN ISO 6506-2:2005, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines EN ISO 6506-3:2005, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks EN ISO 6506-4:2005, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 4: Table of hardness values EN ISO 6507-1:2005, Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method EN ISO 6507-2:2005, Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines EN ISO 6507-3:2005, Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks EN ISO 6507-4:2005, Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 4: Tables and hardness values

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EN ISO 6508-1:2005, Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) EN ISO 6508-2:2005, Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) EN ISO 6508-3:2005, Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) EN ISO 7500-1:2004, Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines - Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system EN ISO 7500-2:1999, Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 2: Tension creep testing machines - Verification of the applied load EN ISO 8492:2004, Metallic materials - Tube - Flattening test EN ISO 8493:2004, Metallic materials - Tube - Drift expanding test EN ISO 8495:2004, Metallic materials - Tube - Ring expanding test EN ISO 8496:2004, Metallic materials - Tube - Ring tensile test

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