Le Grand Hôpital de Huy. Organisation et fonctionnement, 1263-1795. by Raoul van der MadeReview by: J. A. van HoutteThe Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 15, No. 1 (1962), p. 189Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Economic History SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2593323 .

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REVIEWS i89

favoured by most town authorities, to avoid the danger of fires with thatched roofs. In many towns an urban kiln was in operation. Brick-making is examined in most detail for the towns in Guelders and Overijsel. A short chapter deals with brick- making in the I 7th and I 8th centuries. Finally, some iconographic material from the mid-I 5th to the end of the I 7th century is discussed.

The author has based her inquiry on an extensive examination of archeological material as well as of published sources or records from a selected number of Dutch archives. The present requirements of research certainly make it well-nigh impos- sible for the single scholar to engage in geographically extensive studies. But the title of this book is misleading. It refers only to the present kingdom of the Netherlands, with incidental items on Belgium; even within the Netherlands, considerably more attention has been devoted to Guelders and the neighbouring towns than to other areas. In another respect, however, the book gives more than the title promises: instead of ending ca. I560, it has a very interesting chapter on the I7th and i8th centuries.

Dr Hollestelle's book deserves warm praise. It has an English summary (pp. 270-277), ten reproductions of miniatures and pictures, and copious abstracts from documents as an appendix.

University of Louvain J. A. VAN HOUTTE

RAOUL VAN DER MADE. Le Grand H6pital de Huy. Organisation et fonctionnement, 1263- I795. (Louvain and Paris: Nauwelaerts. i960. PP. 244. Bfrs. 250. Anciens Pays et Assembles d'Etats, XX.)

This book on the main institution for poor relief in Huy from its foundation to the end of the Old Regime unfortunately neglects the study of the domain, and is limited to internal organization. The Hospital did not come into being as an annex to an ecclesiastical institute, nor on the initiative of one founder, but on that of the community of townsmen as a whole, particularly of the smiths. It was therefore controlled by communal authorities, from I377 on by eleven commissioners, one per craft. Together with parish funds, it gave the usual assistance to the poor, old-aged people, and travellers, but as elsewhere the prebend and distributions deviated from their original aim in the course of time. Books on social work in the past in Belgium are rare. This one, with its copious sources from the I5th century onwards, is very welcome, despite its limitations. Some twenty documents are edited as an appendix.

J. A. VAN HOUTTE

ALBERT DHAENENS. L'abbaye Saint-Martin de Tournai de i290 a i350. Origines, evolution et denouement d'une rise. (Louvain: The University. i96i. PP. 32i. Bfrs. 320. Universite' de Louvain. Recueil de travaux d'histoire et de pihilologie, 4th series, no. 23.)

Dr Dhaenens has already devoted a number of articles to the life of the Benedictine abbey of St Martin's at Tournay (cf. this Review, XIII, I56-I57). Here he has summarized and developed them. A first part deals with the abbey in A.D. I290: it

is one of the richest in the Low Countries, with some I 2,500 acres of arable, grouped in 40 manors, and nearly 9oo of forest. Then comes the crisis, occasioned by war, by the dearth of I3i6-17, and perhaps still more by most onerous papal taxation and obligations to royalty and princes. To meet it, the abbots resorted to mortgaging and

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