Power Transmission and Distribution Black-out dans les ... · Power Transmission and Distribution Black-out dans les réseaux de transport ... Telecommunication Protection Bay Control

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Power Transmission and Distribution

Black-out dans les réseaux de transport

Theodor Connor, Siemens AG

PTD SE PT1-ue/Co 08/05 2Black-out

Petite historique de l'alimentation électrique

1891 Oskar von MillerLauffen – Frankfurt

3 Phase alternating current

15 kV 40 Hz 175 km

1885 Markgrafendamm

Werner von Siemens

Emil Rathenau

Éclairage par courant continu

2


La portée significative de l'électricité

LightLight

PowerPower

HeatingHeating

TelephoneTelephone

RefrigeratorRefrigeratorRadioRadio

IndustryIndustry

MedicalMedical

TelevisionTelevision

ComputerComputer

Air conditionAir condition

RailwayRailway

Washing machineWashing machine

TelegraphTelegraph

HooverHoover

IroningIroning

Environment

Culture

Society

PoliticsEconomy


Des réseaux isolés aux réseaux interconnectés

Generation Load

Location of resources Increase of load density

Electricity supply is characterised by the fact that generation and consumption takes place in the same moment

=> Interconnection

=> Meshes

=> Transmission

Losses

Outages

Back up

=> Higher voltage level

Load balancing

3


La croissance des réseaux de transport

UCTE(Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity)

European interconnectionEuropean interconnection

Urban utilityUrban utility

Regional utilityRegional utility

IndustryIndustry

Country wideCountry wide

National National


Blackout aux USA – Situation de départ

14. August 200331C°

4


Blackout aux USA – Les premiers événements

14. August 200331C°12:05 – 13:311500 MW generation lost

14:02SCADA outageLine trip due to bush fire

15:05 – 15:41Line trip not reportedLine trip due to tree contact after overload


Blackout aux USA – Particularités des charges

Reactive power

Torque for U=100%

Torque for U=60%

Load

Normaloperation

Operation for U=60%

speed

torque

Reason for unexpected Sammis-Star line trip

Reason for increase of reactive power demand

5


Blackout aux USA – Cascade des événements

15:45 – 16:08Line trip Sammis Star

16:08 – 16:10Line tripGeneration lost Point of no return


Blackout aux USA – La grande ceinture

16:10:00 – 16:10:38Major line trips3.5 GW generation lost Big loop

16:10:40 – 16:10:44Further line tripsSegregation

6


Blackout aux USA – Rien ne va plus!

16:10:42 – 16:10:45Further line tripsNortheast blocked

16:10:46 – 16:10:55Further line tripsNew York islanded

16:10:50 – 16:10:57Further line tripsFinal islanding


Blackout à Londres – Le réseau

400 kV

275 kV

7


Blackout à Londres – L'exploitation usuelle

WimbledonWimbledon New CrossNew Cross Hurst Hurst LittlebrookLittlebrook

486 MW

478 MW 359 MW 199 MW 84 MW

72 MW

Shut down for maintenance


486 MW

478 MW 359 MW 199 MW 84 MW

72 MW

Buchholz gas alarm

Hurst Hurst

X

X

X X


Blackout à Londres – Conséquences imprévues


478 MW 359 MW 199 MW 84 MW

558 MW

Protection trip


730 MW730 MW 84 MW

480 000 customers6 main transportation substations

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Blackout en Suède et Danemark

Oskarshamm

1

2

3

12.30 Outage of nuclear power station 1250 MW12.35 Short circuit between two busbars

Outage of power station 1750 MW

380 kV

HVDC

maintenance

1

2

3


Blackout en Suède et Danemark - un court-circuit…

overheated

R S TR S T

R

R

9


Blackout en Italie – Situation de départ

20 min. after the 1st line trip: Loss of a 2nd Line … and then a very fast cascading sequence


Blackout en Italie – La course contre la montre

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Blackout – Mesures palliatives

LondresUSA

Suède Italie

CommunicationCommunication

Support de tensionSupport de tension

ProtectionProtection

Analyse temps rAnalyse temps rééelel


Communication

Station bus

Process bus

Telecommunication

Protection Bay Control

Station Control

Process control

Control Centre CC

Process

Switchbay

~

G6EI5D

I4E

I3E

F1Z

G1D

I1E

F2Z

F3Z

F4D

G5D

G4EI2D

G2DG3D

~

HöS-Netz

~

HöS-Netz

KW 3

KW 2 KW 1

HöS-Netz

Station

Grid

• Independent and securecommunicationchannels

• IEC protocols -security and consistency servicesIEC 60870-5-101/103/104 IEC 61850 (models withenhanced security !)

• Redundancy of Alarms (Tripping and starting !)

• Global time sync. Interface (e.g. forGPS)

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Mesures contre l'effondrement de la tension

1. Load shedding based on undervoltage

2. Fast reactive power injection by SVC

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0

M

UL

Z

Q

V<

L1

M


The Transmission System:

Utilités d'une installation SVC (Static VAr Compensator)

Increase of Transmission Capacity

Prevention of Outages

Benefits

Results of Dynamic System Tests:

a) No SVC Connected

b) Both SVC in

Voltage Control Mode

c) Both SVC in Power

Oscillation Damping

Mode

12


Fonctions modernes de protection

Line Trip Messages

U< measurement

Continuous function chart

1. The Voltage relay function is available for activation

2. CFC based functionality avoids overfunction

Undervoltageload

sheddingsignal


Calcul de la sécurité dynamique du réseau

Topology &

Measurements

Sinaut Spectrum

SIEMENS AG, EV NP

Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG

SVC_DEMO_K PAGE :SVC ON NODE AE WITH RANGE +/- 400.000 FREQUENCY CONTROLLED3PHASE SC AT F-L7 CLEARED BY OPENING SL7-1 AND SL7-2 AFTER 0.256SEC.LOAD FLOW CONTROLLER (LFC)

1

VOLTAGE ANDACTIVE POWERNODE AE

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 SEC

-1.5

0.0

1.5

VOLTAGENODE AEIN P.U.

-1000

0

1000ACTIVE POWERAT AE IN MW

SIEMENS AG, EV NP

Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AGSVC_DEMO .

PAGESVC ON NODE AE WITH RANGE +/- 400.000, FREQUENCY CONTROOLEDLOAD FLOW CONTROLLER (LFC)

15.9.1999 21:08

1

VOLTAGE ANDACTIVE POR

0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 SEC

0.0

1.5LE-Volt [ pu]AE

-1000

0

1000P [ MW]SL5-2

SIEMENS AG, EV NP

Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG

DOKUNEU SIEMENS AG EV_NP2-dn0040/RuErstellt mit NETOMAC für WindowsÜbergang Momentanwertteil - StabilitätsteilTESTRECHNUNG (DOKU)

15.9.1999 21:01

1

GeneratorgrößenBild 1 von 1

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 SEC

-1

0

1DIF-Volt[ pu]110KVT2. RBETR.SIE R

-75

0

75THETA [ Deg]GT5MVA

-1

0

1P [ pu]GT5MVA

-1

0

1MMECH [ pu]GT5MVA

-1

0

1LE-Volt [ pu]BETR.SIE R

-5

0

5IA_HV [ pu]GT5MVA

-1

0

1Q [ pu]GT5MVA

-1

0

1+ 0.7 pu

-75

0

75

THETA [ Deg]DT2.5MVA

-1

0

1

MEL [ pu]GT5MVA

-1

0

1

- 0.7 pu

NETOMAC

Knowledge data base

Stability reserve

Alarms

Recommended actions

Grid

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Cheminement flexible des flux de transport

Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”

Benefits from FACTS applications:• Increase of transmission capacity

• Relief of highly loaded lines

• Improvement of voltages and dynamic stability

UU11 UU22

XXsin (sin (δ 1 - δ 2)PP ==

UU11UU22

XX

δ 1δ 2

PP

Load flowcontrol

Parallelcompensation

Seriescompensation


Blackout – Conclusion

•• MaintenaceMaintenace and and systemsystem developmentdevelopment

•• SecureSecure communicationcommunication of of eventevent informationinformation

•• PreventionPrevention of of VoltageVoltage CollapseCollapse

•• ImprovedImproved selectivityselectivity throughthrough digital digital protectionprotection

•• RealReal--timetime stabilitystability monitoringmonitoring

•• Flexible Flexible adaptationadaptation of Transmission of Transmission CapacityCapacity

Documents

Power Transmission and Distribution Black-out dans les ... · Power Transmission and Distribution Black-out dans les réseaux de transport ... Telecommunication Protection Bay Control