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Philippine History

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History Background

History is the study of the past, with special

attention to the written record of the activities

of human beings over time.

Scholars who write about history are

called historians.

It is a field of research which uses a

narrative to examine and analyze the

sequence of events.

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Why study Philippine History?

The study of Philippine history is important inunderstanding the present.

To know the significance of why our heroes fightfor the freedom against the dominant foreigners

To know what is the values and aspects ourancestors have tried to protect

To learn from the past in the decision making of

todays leaders As Filipinos, we should love and know our

country as well, studying history is the story ofour country and its people

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Environment and Asian Heritage

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Physical Environment

Our country is Philippines, our native land

It is 1 of more than 180 countries worldwide

Its citizenry are called Filipinos

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God, land, and people

God

God loves Filipinos and put them in a rich and

beautiful land

God gave the gift of faith to Filipinos to know

and serve him.

God has helped Filipinos in many times from all

natural calamities and social troubles

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People

Men, women, and children who make up the Filipino

nation are very fortunate

Only Filipinos have the most knowledge of Gods Wordand His Son Jesus Christ compared to Asian, African,

and Middle Eastern nations

Only Filipinos have rich and unique cultural heritage of

Asian, Latin, European, and American influences

No other nation in the world has this rich in cultural

heritage

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We are bridge between the East and West

We are the only Christian nation in Asia

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Land

We have the most beautiful and richest lands in

the world

Philippines is rich in natural resources like oil, gas,

mineral, farmlands, and forests

Visitors come to see the scenic spots in the

country

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Why Philippines

When Filipinos were not yet united as nation,

we were separated into clans and tribes

People lived in areas of their own names

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Early Chinese traders who visited Mindoro calledour nation Ma-yi which means land of gold

A greek mapmaker named Claudius Ptolemy

called our islands Maniolas in his ancient map When Magellan came in 1521, he called the

Philippines Archipelago of St. Lazarus

In 1543, a Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez deVillalobos gave the name Felipinas in honor toCrown prince Felipe (Philip) who later becameKing Philip II of Spain

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The Felipinas later became Filipinas during the

Spanish colonial era, then it became the

Philippine Islands during the American

colonial era, then the Republic of the

Philippines after our Independence in 1946

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The most popular nickname for the

Philippines is Pearl of the Orient Seas by a

Spanish missionary-historian Fr. Juan Delgado

in 1751 and was popularized by Dr. Jose Rizal,

our National Hero in 1892

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Location

The Philippines lies in southeast Asia, a littleabove the Equator

Bounded in the east by the Pacific Ocean, in the

west by the South China Sea, in the north b theBashi Channel, and in the south by the Zulu andCelebes sea

The northernmost island is Y Ami, only 240 km

from Taiwan

The southernmost island in Saluag Isle, about 24km from Sabah (north Borneo)

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Area

The Philippine area includes islands, adjacentseas, and submarine areas and the airspaceabove

Total land area is 300, 780 sqm or 0.2% of theworlds land mass

It is bigger than that of UK, almost as large as

Italy and slightly smaller than Japan With 7, 107 island, one of the worlds largest

archipelagos

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Only 2, 773 island have names and 1, 190 are

inhabited

Luzon is the biggest island group (141,

395sqm)

Mindanao is second (101, 999 sqm)

Visayas is third (56, 606 sqm)

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11 Main Islands

Luzon (104, 687 sqm)

Mindanao (94, 630sqm)

Samar (13,080sqm)

Negros (12,709sqm)

Palawan (11, 785 sqm) Panay (11,515 sqm)

Mindoro (9, 735 sqm)

Leyte (7,214sqm)

Cebu (4, 422sqm) Bohol (3, 864sqm)

Masbate (3, 269s sqm)

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Recently, the area has been increased with the

addition of Spratly island (Presidential Decree

no. 1596 of President Marcos, June 11, 1978)

Spratly is under the province of Palawan

(which is claimed also by Malaysia, Vietnam,

and china)

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Topography

Means the physical feature of the country

It is an inverted Y shaped archipelago ofnumerous islands and islets, coral reefs, rivers,lakes, and bays, mountains and valleys, coolplateaus, and scenic volcanoes

Philippines has the longest discontinuouscoastline in the world- 34, 600 km

It has 61 natural harbors and 20 landlockedstraits

Manila Bay is the finest harbor in Asia and thelargest bay in the country

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Other famous bays:

Balayan Bay (Batangas)

Tayabas Bay (Quezon)

Ormoc Bay (Leyte)

Taytay Bay (Palawan)

Sindangan Bay, Illana Bay and Sarangani Bay in

Mindanao

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Famous gulfs:

Lingayen gulf

Leyte gulf

Davao gulf

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Narrowest strait in the world is the San

Juanico Strait between Samar and Leyte, now

connected by San Juanico Bridge

Great peninsulas:

Historic Bataan Peninsula

Fertile Bicol Peninsula in Luzon

Zamboanga and Davao Peninsula in Mindanao

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Philippine Deep is the lowest place in the

country, some 89 km Northeast of Mindanao

With a depth of 37, 732 feet below sea level

It is said to be the deepest place in the world

The tallest mountain in the world , Mount Everest

is the (29, 028 feet high), can easily submerged in

it with over 8,000 feet to spare

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Mountains and valleys

7 major mountain ranges: Sierra Mountain range (the longest) from Cagayan province in

the North to Laguna in the south

Mt. apo, the highest mountain in the country (9, 690 feet or 2,954 meter above sea level)

Mt. Pulog, the second highest peak on the Ifugao-Benguetboundary in Luzon (2, 982 meters)

Mt. Banahaw in Laguna- Quezon

Mt. Bulusan in Sorsogon

Mt. Halcon in Mindoro Orriental

Mt. Kanlaon in Negros Occidental

Mt. Matutum in Cotabato

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4 major lowland plains:

Central Plain (luzon)- the rice granary of the

Philippines

Cagayan Valley (Luzon)- greatest tobacco-

producing region in Asia and is also the largest

Agusan Valley (Mindanao)

Cotabato Valley (Mindanao)

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Famous plateus:

Benguet plateu in Northern Luzon (the summer

capital of the Philipines, Baguio city of pines)

Fertile Bukidnon Plateu in Mindanao (famous for

pineapple)

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132 main rivers

Cagayan River (longest), its annual flood fertilizes

the Cagayan Valley as the Nile River in Egypt

Rio Grande of Mindanao (the largest river in water

volume)

Pasig river (most historic) bad is now badly

polluted and is gradually dying

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59 natural lakes

Laguna de bay, the largest, which was the source

of Jose Rizal and other literary talents, and source

of livelihood for nearby fishing communities

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Springs

Valuable for medicinal waters and for geothermal

power

Los banos and pansol in Laguna

Pandi and sibul in Bulacan

Tiwi in Albay

Magsingal in Ilocos sur

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Waterfalls

Provide tourist attractions and hydroelectric

power

Pagsanjan falls in Laguna- favorite tourist resort andmovie location

Maria Cristina in Lanao del Norte

Hinulugang Taktak in Antipolo

Tamaraw Fallas in Mindoro Orriental

Darosdos Falls in Smaar

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The Worlds Greatest Biodiversity

We have the richest and most numerous

species of plants and animals

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Plant

8,120 plant species grow in the country

Orchids alone has 1,000 varieties

Rice has 1,000 species

Numerous flowers of various colors, not to

mention the Queen of Philippine flowers,

the Sampaguita

Grapes of various species are being cultivated

in the country

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Animal Life

About 850 species of birds are found in the countrymore than Australia, Japan, and other Asian countries

The biggest bird Eastern Sarus Crane known as tipol inLuzon and labong in Visayas is in the country, a wading

bird with very long legs and necks

The worlds largest eagle is in the country, which is thePhilippine or money eating eagle known as theNational Bird

The kalaw, the clock of the mountains is in the country

The most useful animal, which is carabaois in thecountry considered as the farmers bestfriend

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The smallest monkey in the world is in Bohol

which is the tarsier

The smallest deer in the world the mouse

deer of Balabac Island is in Palawan

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Forest Resources

The forest lands have a total area of 16, 633,000

hectares, representing 55% of the total land area

In Asia, Philippines ranks 3rd in forest

reserves,Indonesia being first and Japan as thesecond

More than 3,000 species of trees are found in our

forests The most famous is narra, the queen of Philippine

wood

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Fish and marine resources

There are many fishing grounds in thearchipelago which include the Lingayen gulf,Manila Bay, Lamon Bay, Ragay Gulf and the

Tayabas Bay in Luzon; Samar Sea Carigara Bay,Sibuyan Sea, Guimaras Strait, Camotes sea,Iloilo Strait, Panay Gulf, and Bohol strait in theVisayas; Malampaya sound, Coron Bay, Taytay

Bay, Cuyo Pass,a nd Imuran Bay in Palawan,and Mindanao Sea, Gingoog Bay, Illana Bay,and Moro Gulf in Mindanao

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At least 2,000 species of fish are found in thePhilippine waters

Both the largest ( whale shark or the pating bulik)

and smallest fish (pygmy globy fish or thePandaka Pygmaea which is about the size of a ricegrain and tabios ) in the world is in thearchipelago

We are also yielded with marine products such asshells, shellfish, sponges, coals, seaweed, andpearls

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20,000 of the 60,000 shell species in the world are in thePhilippines

The worlds largest pearl is in the Philippines , the Pearl ofAllah

Many minerals are found in the country such as nickel,copper, iron, gold, etc.

Philippines is one of Asias great gold producing region

Gold and copper mining are among the ancient industry forFilipino people

The greatest iron-bearing areas in the country are the twoSurigao provinces, the biggest in the world

Vast nickel deposit was discovered in Nonoc Island, Surigaodel Norte, one of the worlds largest in Asia

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Energy sources

The philippines energy is supplies by oil,

hydroelectric power, bagasse (surgarcane

wastes), geothermal, coal, new sources of

energy like solar power, biogas, agro-forestrywastes, natural gas, alcogas, and wood

The discovery of more oil and gas in

Malampaya, Palawan is the biggest oil and gasfield in the country

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Scenic beauties and natural wonders

Banaue rice terraces- built more than 2,000 years ago singthe bare hands and crude stone tools of the Ifugaos

Mount Mayon- the crowning glory of Philippine naturalwonders

Manila bay sunset is another enchanting wonder of thecountry called as the most beatiful sunset in the world

Pagsanjan Falls and Gorge, the inland Sampalok lake of Sanpablo city and the hidden Valey of Alaminos in laguna, theamazing Umbrella Geyser of Barrio Bigaa, San Juan, the

petite Taal Volcano 9smallest and lowest volcano in theworld, the hundred islands in pangasinan, the ChocolateHills, the magnificnet Ma. Cristina Falls, the undergroundriver in Palawan are among the beautiful sights in the land

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Social Environment

Social environment means people and their

character and culture including the racial

ancestry, the population growth, the religion,

customs, language, arts and sciences,government, and economy

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Filipinos are a great nation because of the following:

We are a unique with a cultural heritage from the majorcivilizations in the world: Asian, European, Latin American,and North American

We are a nation with a gift of faith and a gift of music(Filipinos are very spiritual and deeply religious, also ourmusic is more romantic and melodious than othercountries)

We are the first republic in Asia (the first PhilippineRepublic was founded by Aguinaldo in 18989), othercountries in Asia were only kingdoms, colonies, or nonexistent

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We received training in self-government anddemocracy ahead of the other Asian nations, withthe Philippine Commonwealth came into being in1935 under President Quezon

We led Asian world in building schools,universities, roads, and bridges, town planning,public health system, hosptials, orphanages,telephones and other Western-style technology

We are the largest English speaking nation in Asia,other Asian countries do not speak English and donot feel comfortable with foreigners

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population

In 2002, the population was 82, 841, 516

The population grows more than the national

wealth, the nation has become poorer

The urgent economic problems are developing

and protecting natural resources and

controlling population growth

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Social classes

There are 3 social classes based on incomeand hsare of the national wealth

Rich (oligarchs) represent 10% of the population

but own 90% of the wealth Middle class represent 20% of the population who

are professionals, they are the backbone of thenation

Lower income groups and the poor massesrepresent 70% of the population but only earn orshare 10% of the wealth

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Religion

Philippines is the only Christian nation in Asia

About 93% are christians, 83% are Cathlics,7.6% are Aglipayans, 2.35 are protestants, and

other sects Catholicism was Spains greatest leagcy to the

philippines

Protestant sects (Episcopalian, baptist,methodist, SDA are among the Americansintroduced sect

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The Aglipay church of the Philippine IndependentChurch is a unique Filipino Protestant founded byIsabelo delos Reyes in 1902 with Gregorio Aglipay as itsfirst Bishop. Today, it has 1.43 million adherents

Iglesia ni Kristo, founded by Feliz Manalo in 1914, is aPhilippine sect with members both in the country andabroad. It has 475,000 members

Islam with 1.6 million followers is the countrys secondlargest religion

Pagan religions followed by tribal minorities (ancestor& nature worship) account a very small minority of thereglion (0.03%)

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Buddhism (0.002%) and Shintoism (0.008%)

are followed by Chinese and Japanese

communities

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language

Philippines is a nation of many languages There are 55 native languages and 142 local dialects according to a

survey by Richard Pitman, an American linguist

Cebuano ranks 1st of the 8 principal native languages, it is themother tongue of of the people (24.39%)

Tagalog is now a close second (23.82%), followed by Ilocano(11.14%), Hiligaynon or Ilonggo (9.99%), Bicolano (6.96%), Waray-waray (4.62%), Kapampangan (3.43%, and Pangasinan (2.26%)

English is the most widely used language in the country especiallyused for education, commerce, and the profession

Philippines is the 3

rd

largest English speaking country in the world

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In 1935, President Manuel L. Quezon, the

father of the National Language

The 1987 Constitution provided that the

national language is Filipino with Tagalog as

the basis of the national language

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Education and high literacy

Filipinos are fond of education The american Governor-General of the Philippines

Frank Murphy said No people ever accepted theblessings of education with more enthusiasm than the

Filipinos A college diploma is a status of symbol in the country

Filipino & English are the medium of instruction fromElementary to Highschool

English is the medium of instruction in colleges anduniversities

There are more than 50 universities in the Philippines

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The University of Santo Tomas in Manila was

the oldest (1611), it is 25 years older than the

Harvard University, the oldest university in the

United States

Literacy rate for the Philippines is 89.9%, the

highest among Southeast Asian countries

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Asias citadel of democracy

Filipino patriots since Spanish times havesacrificed their fortunes and their lives in defenseof democracy

Thousands of Filipinos fought and died in Bataan,Corregidor, Mauban, and other battlefield duringthe World War II in defense of freedom anddemocracy against the Japanese invaders

As early as Philippine revolution (1896-1902),democracy was already the peoples cherishedideal

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Filipino character

Filipinos has many good qualities than bad traits

We love fiestas, parties, expensive clothes, and

jewels for which we spend for money

Filipinos are prone to gamblling and betting-

cockfighting, horse races, jai-alai-mahjong, and

card games gambling is a national vice

Fatalism is another bad trait- Filipinos believethat what happen to them depends on fate. They

say Bahala na

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Filipinos are sensitive about their honor andreputation

Filipinos prefer smooth relations with their

relatives, friends, and colleagues even whenothers are corrupt, or dishonest. This is calledpakisama which often leads to nepotism,influence peddling, or cheating

Filipinos unlike the Chinese or the Japanese lackof discipline. They are usually easy going and willnot work well without strict supervision

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Filipinos lack perseverance they begin a task withenthusiasm but quickly lose interest in the job. This iscalled ningas cogon

Filipinos have the bad habit of putting aside the work

which can be done right away and doing it thefollowing day manana habit,which is inherited fromthe Spaniards

Some good traits are: Filipinos are intelligent, withretentive memory, quick perception, and talents for

arts and science are very high. Filipinos are also gentle,friendly, and cheerful, noted for courtesy andhospitality

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Filipinos are noted for close family ties Filipinos are passionately romantic

Filipinos are liberty-loving and brave people. Theyvaliantly resisted the Spanish, American, and Japanese

invaders The Filipino courage is proven during the Battle of

Mactan (1521), the Battle of Tirad Pass (1899), theBattle of Bataan,corregidor, and Bessang Pass duringthe World War II

Gratitude is another sterling strait of the Filipinos. Theyare grateful to those who have granted them favors(utang na loob)

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Filipinos are cooperative (bayanihan)

Filipinos are noted for their durability and

resilliency

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Regional Traits

Ilocanos of Ilocandia are the most adventurous,hardworking,and frugal of Filipinos

Tagalogs feel superior to other Filipinos becausethey live in a region blessed with rich farm

lands,navigable rivers, and panoramic beauties &because of their participation to history

Bicolanos are a religious , mild tempered, andmusical people

Bisayas particularly from Iloilo and NegrosOccidental are extravagant, carefree and jolly

The Muslim Filipinos are fierce, valiant warriors

Cultural minorities

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Cultural minorities

Of the 52 million Filipinos, 1.6 million belong to the culturalminorities

Northern tribes are the Ifugaos, the Bontocs, the Kankanays, theIbaloys, the Tinguians, the Kalingas, the Gaddangs, and theNegritoes. Some tribes worship nature and their ancestors

Mindoro tribes comprise the Mangyans, a peace loving, musicalpeople

Mindanao: Maranao, Ilanum, Tausug, Samal, Badjao, Yakan,Subanon, Bukidnon, Mansaka, Higaunon, Kalagan, Mandaya,Bagobo, Tiruray, Manobo, Blaan, Manubo Blit, and Ubo tribes

The Badjao and Samals are primitive fishermen and often live in

boats

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Filipino women

Women in the Philippines occupy a high place

in the society, enjoy equal social and political

rights with men unlike in other Asian countries

The first lady President of the philippines is

Corazon Aquino

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The arts

Filipinos are creative people & have produced outstandingartists- writers, painters, sculptors, musicians, etc

Since 1972, many Filipinos have received the National ArtistAward:

Juan Nakpil & Pablo Antonio for Architecture

Amado Hernandez, Jose Garcia Villa, Nick Joaquin, & CarlosRomulo for Literature

Fernando Amorsolo, Carlos Francisco, & Victorio Edades forPainting

Guillermo Tolentino & Napoleon Abueva for Sculpture

Lamberto Avellana, Gerardo de Leon for Film

Antonio Molina, Jovita Fuentes for Music

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Science & Technology

Filipino scientists are trying to find alternative technologyappropriate to Philippine condition

The Department of Science and Technology is pushing thefrontiers of the coutnrys technological knowledge

Some national scientists:

Juan salcedo Jr, Fe del Mundo, Geminiano Ocampo forMedicine

Alfredo Santos & Julian Banzon for Chemistry

Casimiro del Rosario for Physics

Gregorio Zara for Engineering Eduardo Quisumbing, Gregorio Velaszuez, and Dioscoro

Umali for Botany

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Our Early Ancestors

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Our early ancestors can be explained in:

The story of Gods creation in the Bible

Evolution theory

Legend and fairy tales

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The Biblical Story

All men and women originated from the first man(Adam) and the first woman (Eve)

After the great flood, Noah and his 3 sons lefts tosettle the earth

Noahs sons were Japheth, Shem, & Ham

The youngest of Japheth named Javan, came four(4) sons namely: Elishah, Tharsis, the Kittim, andthe Rodanim

They spread into their territory with their clanswithin their nations each with its own language

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According to Fr. Francisco Colin, a Jesuit

historian, the first settlers in the country was

Tharsis, son of Javan and great grandson of

Noah, together with his brothers and theirdescendants

Descendants then settled in the parts of the

world that we now know as Asia, including theislands of Philippines

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The theory of evolution

By study of archaeologists, scientist who study the past,man came from apelike creatures

They use material relics like bones, jars, pottery, andantique jewelry to trace the past

One group of scientist believe that early Filipinos camefrom waves of migration- Negritos, Indonesians, andMalays

Another group of scientist believe that early Filipinos camefrom settlers within the islands, and in fact our ancestorsmigrated outside the country to the other nearby islands

Both group of scientist however believe that first man inthe Philippines lived in Palawan about 25,000 years ago.Palawan was then connected to the Asian mainland

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The first Filipino lived in caves at TabonPalawan, thus called Tabon man

They belong to the stone age culture

Tabon man hunted wild animas with crudestone weapons, use stone tools to makeclothes or prepare food

They did not know farming or raise animals They were short, with bushy eyebrows and

low forehead

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Most of the time was spent looking for good

Primitive people like the Tabon Man lived in

other parts of the world called java man or

Beijing man

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Growth of Filipinos

Filipinos grew in number and improved their lifestyle They began to cook with fire and to make sharper tools

Many llived in Central Luzon and Cagayan Valley

About 5,000 years ago, the early Filipinos learned to make axes,seashell ornaments and pottery

Filipinos then became experts craftsmen, travelers, and traders The early filipinos were like Vikings of the Pacific

They sailed on boat across the Pacific Ocean to nearby islands inMicronesia and polynesia

They live in larger villages in Manila, pampanga, Mindoro, Samar,

Leyte, Cebu, and Bohol They started good business relations with the Arabs, Chinese, and

other nearby nations

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Waves of migration

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The Negritos

The first people to come to the Philippines were the Negritos They were called Atis or Aetas

The came across land bridges from mainland Asia about 25,000years ago

They were very small people, less than 5 feet tall

Negritos because they had black skin, short kinky hair, thick lips,and black noses

They wore little clothing

They had no government, no writing and no permanent homes

They wandered in the forests and lived by hunting using bow and

arrow Today, negritos are still in the hills of Zambales

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The Indonesians

According the migration theory, Indonesians were thefirst immigrants to come by sea to the Philippines

They came about 5,000 years ago

They sailed in boats from south Asia

They drove the negritos to the mountains and lived inthe lowlands

There were 2 types of Indonesians:

Tall, with light skin, large forehead high nose, and thin lips

Shorter and darker, with a large nose, thick lips, and heavyjaw

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Indonesians were more advanced than the Negritos

They lived in permanent homes

They used fire to cook their food

They lived by hunting, fishing, and small farming

They painted their bodies with colorful figures

Today, Indonesian minority tribes are found in theinterior parts of the country: the Kalingas of Northern

Luzon, the Tagbanuas of Palwan, the Bagobos,manobos, Mandayas, Bukidnons, Tirurays andSabanuns of Mindanao

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malays

Malays came after Indonesians, about 2,000 years ago

They arrived in boats from Southeast Asia

They were medium in height, brown-skinned, with darkeyes, flat noses, and straight black hair

They drove Indonesians to the forests and they lived inthe lowlands

Malays were more civilized than the Indonesians

They lived in larger villages They had government, writing, music, arts, and scienes

They lived by agriculture, fishing, mining, and trading

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The Filipinos today came from the Malays

brown race. Thus, there are Muslim malays in

Mindanao, particularly in Jolo and also in

Palawan There are also Christian Malay across the

country

There are also Malay tribes like the Igorots,Ifugaos, Bontoks, and Tinggians of Luzon

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Legend and Fairy Tales

The legend and fairy tale about the origin of

the country is told by the story of:

1. malakas and maganda

2. story of brown people

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Our Malayan Heritage

Our Malay ancestors had brought to our

shores their ancestral culture including food

and drinks, mode of dressing, housing, society,

government and laws, writing, language,literature, music, economy, religion, arts and

sciences, superstitious beliefs and customs

and traditions

d d k

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Food and Drinks

The staple food of the early Filipinos was rice

Aside from rice, their food consisted ofcarabao meat, pork, chickens, sea turtles, fish,

bananas, and other fruits and vegetables They cooked their food by rubbing two pieces

of dry wood which then heated produced aflame

They stored their drinking water in earthen jaror in huge clean bamboo tube

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The popular wine of our ancestors was tuba

which was made from coconut

Other wines were basi, an Ilocano wine made

from sugarcane; pangasi, a Bisayan wine madefrom fermented rice; lambanog, a Tagalog

wine taken from the coconut palm; and the

tapuy, an Igorot wine distilled from rice

M d f d i

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Mode of dressing

Men wore collarless, short-sleeved jacket called kanganand a strip of cloth called bahag, wrapped around thewaist and in between legs

The jacket (kangan) reached slightly below the waist

It was dyed (tining)either in blue or black except that ofthe datu which is red

Instead of hat, men use putong, a piece of cloth woundaround the head

They had no shoes

They had jewels, such as gold necklaces, gold armletscalled kalombigas and gold anklets filled with agatesand other colored glass

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Women wore side-sleeved jacket called baro

Skit was patadyong, a piece of cotton cloth whichthey wrapped about their waists and let fall totheir feet

They wore jewels consisted of gold necklaces,gold bracelets, large gold earrings, and gold rings

They are barefooted

Both men and women inserted gold betweentheir teeth as an ornament

T

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Tattoos

Early Filipinos tattooed their bodies with

animals, birds, flowers, and geometric figures

to:

Enhance beauty

Show their war record

H

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House

They lived in houses made of bamboo, wood, andpalm leaves

They were built near each other in the barangay

Each house had a bamboo ladder

They had batalan where jars of water were keptfor household purposes

Some of them lived in tree-houses. Bagobos andKalingas still live in such houses

The Badjaos of the Sulu sea still live in boathouses